When it comes to setting up a security camera system—whether you're doing it yourself, troubleshooting issues, or relying on a professional installer—it's crucial to understand the various types of cabling suited for different installation scenarios.

What cabling is compatible with different security cameras? What factors lead to video loss or cable failure? Gaining insight into these questions can help you avoid costly downtime caused by cable issues.

Types of Cables for Security Cameras

For those installing a new security camera system, it's likely you'll be utilizing IP security cameras. These advanced systems typically employ Cat5e Ethernet cables, which transmit both power and data to the cameras. While some IP cameras may require a separate power supply, many operate using Power over Ethernet (PoE), allowing them to receive power through the same Cat5e cables. IP cameras can utilize various cable categories, including Cat 3, Cat 5, Cat 5e, and Cat 6; generally, a higher category indicates faster transmission speeds and greater bandwidth capacity, with Cat5e being the most prevalent choice today.

If you're looking to enhance an older system by adding cameras, a hybrid solution that blends both analog and digital technology may be beneficial. Analog or HD-TVI cameras typically use RG-59 Siamese cables to provide power and transmit video signals.

When purchasing cables, buying in bulk is often the most economical option. While you'll need to attach connectors yourself, bulk Ethernet cables can save money, offer greater longevity, and create a neater appearance compared to connecting pre-made cables.

Common Cable Failures Due to Improper Installation

As highlighted earlier, cable failure is a primary cause of security camera downtime. For businesses that rely heavily on surveillance, this can lead to significant costs, including wasted time, resources, and lost revenue—issues that could have been avoided with proper installation.

To select the right cabling, consider the specific requirements for your application, including factors like bend radius, temperature tolerance, oil resistance, jacket material, cable structure, electrical specifications, and relevant certifications.

Understanding the reasons behind typical cable failures can help prevent costly mistakes in cabling selection. Here are some common types of cable failures to watch for:

• Loss of Continuity: Different cables have unique flexibility characteristics. Using the wrong type of cable and twisting it excessively can break the copper conductors, resulting in a loss of continuity.

• Insulation Damage: The insulation is crucial for maintaining conductor integrity. It can become compromised through constant bending, abrasion, or breakage of the conductors.

• Corkscrewing: This failure often occurs with pre-made Ethernet cables that haven’t been configured correctly. The corkscrew effect arises when torsion is released due to improper cable configuration, length, or direction.

• Jacket Damage: Similar to loss of continuity and insulation issues, jacket damage refers to the external protective layer of the cable. Abrasion can wear through the jacket, exposing the conductors to damage. Additionally, exposure to oils, chemicals, or excessive heat can cause the jacket to crack and deteriorate.

• Electromagnetic Interference: Security cameras are designed with shields to protect against electromagnetic interference. If these shields become compromised, it can lead to video loss.

Other Potential Damages to Cabling

Choosing the right cabling is vital, but other factors also play a significant role in ensuring cabling integrity:

• Animal Damage: Rodents and other animals often chew on wiring. To mitigate this risk, encase your cables to protect them from animal damage. Fortunately, such damage is usually localized, minimizing the need for extensive cable replacements.

• Incompatible Equipment: Ethernet and RG-59 cables are rated for specific electrical inputs. Connecting equipment that exceeds these ratings can cause damage. Consulting with an expert can help ensure proper equipment and cable compatibility.

• Moisture: High humidity levels or water exposure can damage cables if they aren’t suited for such environments. Overexposure to moisture can lead to insulation cracks and increased stress, ultimately causing cable failure.

• Mechanical Damage: Improper handling of cables by inexperienced individuals can result in bending, pulling, or tugging that the cables aren’t designed to withstand, potentially leading to video loss.

• Acts of Nature: Unforeseeable events like earthquakes, hurricanes, or lightning strikes can cause significant damage to cabling systems, sometimes beyond repair.

• Aging: Over time, cables can degrade and may need replacement. However, it’s wise to consult with a qualified professional before making any replacements, as sometimes only specific sections require attention.